The share capital can be increased in various ways, depending on whether the financing comes from the company itself or is external to it (internal or external). For the former, the main ways are through undistributed profits, accumulation of amortizations, and provisions. As for the latter, they are contributions from partners, which can be monetary or non-monetary (in the form of assets). In such cases, new shares or stocks are generated that can be sold at par (at their value), above par (above their nominal value, whose surplus generates reserves) or as bonus shares (free, issued against reserves).
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